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Research Paper Topics Relating To Biomedical Science
Thursday, August 27, 2020
3 simple auditing questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
3 straightforward examining questions - Assignment Example Julia Granger has just finished stages 1 through 4 and has archived the consequences of her work on review plans E-100, E-110, E-111, and E-112. Accept that the customer plays out the control exercises distinguished in the flowcharts. An answer for the task is given utilizing plans like the calendars gave to understudies on the pages that follow. Once more, because of the emotional idea of a portion of the decisions elective arrangements could be considered similarly satisfactory. Note that the arrangement records potential review tests that could be performed. It is impossible that an evaluator would choose to play out all these review tests. Moreover, the arrangement doesn't demonstrate whether the review test ought to be performed on the whole populace or an example of the populace. 9) Transfers are properly approved and the fiscal summaries introduction including the exposure of all speculations adjusts to the sound accounting standards that are reliably applied. The organization buys material from the merchants, the bought material are investigated and tallied and the costs contrasted with the buy orders and a pre-numbered accepting report is readied. /After that the accepting report and the buy request are given. On the bookkeeping side, the bookkeepers get the solicitations from the merchants for the things bought. All the materials that are not represented as far as getting report are moved to the fitting office for affirmation for the receipt. The merchants report are walked with the suitable accounted archive to take into account documentation in the buy diary, seller record, general record and the stock records. The records are checked on by the chief. All the reports, for example, the buy request, getting report and seller solicitations are recorded by the
Saturday, August 22, 2020
World Flight Essay -- Theology
All through life, culture verifiably and expressly conveys thoughts to individuals. Express proclamations are found in melodies and workmanship that plainly show a point of view about existence. Verifiable messages from culture are found when contrasted with the key precepts of perspectives. A case of this verifiable correspondence is found in the tune ââ¬Å"Clocksâ⬠by the band Coldplay. In light of investigation of the verses, the tune ââ¬Å"Clocksâ⬠communicates the World Flight perspective. In the first place, the verses of ââ¬Å"Clocksâ⬠outline the World Flight point of view of God. An essential case of this thought is found in the theme of the tune. In particular, the antiquated perspective contends that God can be characterized as Forms of extreme flawlessness from which the earth was made. Furthermore, the perspectiveââ¬â¢s primary rationalist, Plato, contended that all of life must be centered around the universe of the Forms. These convictions are found in the melody ââ¬Å"Clocksâ⬠when artist Chris Martin declares, ââ¬Å"You are and nothing else comparesâ⬠(2002). At first, this verse is by all accounts a basic proclamation of flawlessness; be that as it may, the verse mirrors the worldviewââ¬â¢s convictions about God when contrasted with the World Flight point of view. The verse turns into a cry to the universe of the Forms and to the looking for of that world. The singerââ¬â¢s words are changed from a negligible enthusiastic tirade t o a profound assertion that nothing in this world looks at to the Forms of the following scene, communicating the World Flight point of view. Another statement of the World Flight viewpoint of God is found in the completion proportions of the melody. As the instruments stop playing, the vocalist states, ââ¬Å"You are home, home, where I needed to goâ⬠(2002). Based the old point of view of God, this verse mirrors the long lasting quest for the universe of ... ...particle of the World Flight answer for the melody uncovers the outflow of the perspective through a melodic configuration. Generally, the introduction of humanityââ¬â¢s issue and arrangement in ââ¬Å"Clocksâ⬠permits one to infer that the work epitomizes the World Flight point of view. All in all, the World Flight perspective is clarified in the Coldplay tune ââ¬Å"Clocks.â⬠An investigation of the melody represents the meaning of God and humankind that is normal for the World Flight point of view. Moreover, the worldviewââ¬â¢s issue and answer for humankind are introduced through the verses of the tune. While tunes regularly have shortsighted implications of affection or misfortune, a profound assessment of music uncovers significant philosophical viewpoints that have the ability to shape thought and activity. Works Cited Coldplay (2002). Tickers. On A Rush of Blood to the Head [CD]. Nashville: Capitol Records.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Literature Review Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Literature Review Assignment - Essay Example Moreover, toward the end of the minimal body temperature degree, someone will input the ââ¬Ëwake preservation zoneââ¬â¢ (Lack, Gradisar, Van Someren, Wright, and Lushington 309). In addition, the bodyââ¬â¢s temperature does now not just have an effect on the rhythms that people revel in while engaged within the dream phase or earlier than waking up. A personââ¬â¢s frame temperature can also have an effect on his or her frequency of experiencing insomnia. The onset of insomnia can be attributed to not on time rhythms of body temperature in incidences in which an individual attempts to sleep within the midst of a delayed wake preservation period. This may generally be skilled within the nighttime. Insomnia can also manifest within the morning. Experiences of awakening insomnia in the morning can be connected to the prevalence of advanced rhythm in temperature. According to Lack, Gradisar, Van Someren, Wright, and Lushington, the aggregate of preservation insomnia and sleep onset is connected with the consistent elevation of the temperature of the human frame stimulating the chronic hyper-arousal country this is characteristic of insomnia (307). Lack, Leon, Michael Gradisar, Eus Van Someren, Helen Wright and Kurt Lushington. ââ¬Å"The dating between insomnia and frame temperatures.â⬠Sleep Medicine Reviews 12.4(2008):307-317. Retrieved from
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Essay about Homosexuality - 1071 Words
Homosexuality My frustration with debate about homosexuality stems not so much from the arguments themselves, but the actual method of argument. Often, two ââ¬Å"expertsâ⬠will approach the topic from two radically different ââ¬Å"expertâ⬠fields. One may be a New Testament scholar and thus draws out the intricacies of Romans 1:18-28 and the true meaning of the word ââ¬Å"homosexual offenderâ⬠(i.e. older man sleeping with a young boy) in that case. The other may be a biologist who appeals to natural logic and reproduction to defend sex as a behavior meant for heterosexuals. Both of them are right within their own expertise. But they cannot, then, debate, for it would be like Chuck pitching to a batter on another baseball field. I wasâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦He believes that if Paul, as a scholar, were writing today, he would take into account the revealed wisdom of genetic, social/behavioral, and cultural research. If indeed creation reveals Godââ¬â¢s workings, as Paul admitted in Romans 1:20, Paul would incorporate creation (even creation under a microscope) into his call for purity. Also, if cultures may intrinsically know God, then perhaps the prevalence of homosexuality in other cultures also falls under this creationistic perspective. He admits that his position leaves him open to accusations of arrogance, for it does not depend on a direct re-revelation from Jesus approving of homosexuality (38). However, he also has both Jesus and the Holy Spirit to defend his approach. Jesus, indeed, reinterpreted Jewish scripture through the lens of his own cultureââ¬â¢s needs, revealing prophecies of the Old Testament as continued and fulfilled through him. The gospels, too, are the account of a story adapted to a particular audience. But the question remains, did that freedom of cultural interpretation cease when the Word Himself left this world? Here, Via has the Holy Spirit to call upon. Jesus tells his disciples: ââ¬Å"When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own, but will speak whatever he hears, and he will declare to you the things that are toShow MoreRelatedHomosexuality : Homosexuality And Homosexuality1600 Words à |à 7 PagesKendall Bridges Mrs. Vest English 12 10 April 2015 You Wouldn t Understand, You re Not Gay Homosexuality is one of the most sensitive and talked about subjects among society today. Heterosexuals keep their mouths open negatively about gays. Whereas homosexuals decide to keep their lips sealed on the subject. Most straight individuals are ignorant to the fact and the being gay is all negative. They make up their own minds to not understand what it is about. They discriminate homosexuals everydayRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Views On Homosexuality1022 Words à |à 5 PagesHomosexuality is relating to or characterized by a tendency of a direct sexual desire toward another of the same sex. By this homosexuality is referred to as members of the same sex being sexually attracted to one another. The topic of homosexuality in religion and society has many sides. There are those who believe that it is a sin in Godââ¬â¢s eyes according to the Bible, and there are those who believe that God and the Bible are not specific to homosexuals. It is a tough debate based on whether yo uRead MoreThe Issue Of Homosexuality And Homosexuality991 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"I think people feel threatened by homosexuality. The problem isnââ¬â¢t about gay people; the problem is about the attitude towards gay people. People think that all gays are Hannibal Lecters. But gay people are sons and daughter, politicians and doctors, American heroes and daughters of American Heroesâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Stacyâ⬠). In recent years, sexuality, specifically homosexuality, has become a large issue in America. Not to say that homosexuality is something relatively new, considering it was first noticed inRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Views On Homosexuality1447 Words à |à 6 PagesHomosexuality is one of the most controversial topics in the world today. Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalyst had his theory on human sexuality and claims, ââ¬Å" all human beings were innately bisexual, and that they become heterosexual or homosexual as a result of their experiences with parents and others.â⬠Many people view it as a natural thing, but others think it is absolutely wrong and utterly a personal choice. The Bible, other religions, and the world all have different opinions on thisRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Homosexuality1455 Words à |à 6 Pagesgenetic or environmental etiology of homosexuality can be modified by reading a text. The second was the causal effect of attributions on the controllability or non-controllability of homosexuality on the rejection of same-sex parenting. The sample consisted of 190 Spanish university students, 39 men and 150 women, around the age of 22 years. The data collection took place in March 2012. Researchers hypothesized that a heterosexualââ¬â¢s attitude toward homosexuality will be more negative if it is attributedRead MoreThe Debate On Homosexuality And Homosexuality1229 Words à |à 5 PagesKirsten Brockhoff Panel Presentation Paper Christian Ethics October 20, 2014 Homosexuality Homosexuality is defined as, the sexual or romantic attraction to members of the same gender. A male who practices homosexuality is known as being gay. The word ââ¬Ëgayââ¬â¢ did not originally have any connection to a sexual connotation. In fact, the word was originally express feelings of happiness or carefree attitude. It was not until the twentieth century that people used the term gay to indicate a sexual orientationRead Morehomosexuality1598 Words à |à 7 Pages Abstract Homosexuals are individuals that are attracted to the same sex, and its being accepted by many nations worldwide, and people are accepting and adapting the idea of it no matter the consequence even its on oneââ¬â¢s self expense. Homosexuality in Todayââ¬â¢s Society Everywhere around the world an individual meets different kind of people, no matter the age the race the ethnicity. And the beliefs people may have are not similar to one another, like the idea of homosexuals. HomosexualRead MoreHomosexuality : Homosexuality And Identity1311 Words à |à 6 PagesHomosexuality has been a questionable topic discussed in the United States for years. Over the years, we have seen a growing studies regarding homosexuality. Homosexuality is becoming a question of science or morale. So, is homosexuality and identity or a behavior? Identity is defined as who someone is or the qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or group different from others. Behavior is defined as the manner of conducting oneself or the way a person or animal acts or behave.Read MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Homosexuality Essay1854 Words à |à 8 PagesThroughout history, homosexuality--a sexual attraction that exists between members of the same sex-- has be en defined as a sin, a choice, an unwanted condition, a result of being frightened by women, and a type of mental illness (Murphy, 1992). The theories surrounding homosexuality can be classified into three broad categories: (1) pathology, indicating an illness or disease; (2) immaturity, signifying an irregular psychosexual development; and (3) natural variation, indicating homosexuality occurs naturallyRead MoreHomosexuality1494 Words à |à 6 PagesHomosexuality from a New Perspective Sexuality means many different things to different people, especially sexuality of a homosexual nature. Everyone has their own personal ideologies about sexuality, many of which have been forced on us by mainstream societys portrayal of what of is right or wrong. Bersanis objective is to take these societal sexual idiosyncrasies and turn them upside down to reveal how he feels gay male sex should be. In Bersanis article, Is the Rectum a Grave?, he entertains
Friday, May 15, 2020
Tell Brak - Mesopotamian Capital in Syria
Tell Brak is located in northeastern Syria, on one of the ancient major Mesopotamian routes from the Tigris river valley north to Anatolia, the Euphrates, and the Mediterranean Sea. The tell is one of the largest sites in northern Mesopotamia, covering an area of about 40 hectares and rising to a height of over 40 meters. In its heyday during the Late Chalcolithic period (4th millennium BC), the site covered an area of some 110-160 hectares (270-400 acres), with a population estimate of between 17,000 and 24,000. Structures excavated by Max Mallowan in the 1930s include the Naram-Sin palace (built about 2250 BC), and the Eye Temple, called that because of the presence of eye idols. The most recent excavations, led by Joan Oates at the McDonald Institute at Cambridge University, have re-dated the Eye Temple to ca 3900 BC and identified even older components at the site. Tell Brak is now known to be one of the earliest urban sites in Mesopotamia, and thus the world. Mud Brick Walls at Tell Brak The earliest identified non-residential structure at Tell Brak is what must have been an enormous building, even though only a small portion of the room has been excavated. This building has a massive entrance way with a basalt door-sill and towers on either side. The building has red mud brick walls which are 1.85 meters (6 feet)à thick, and even today stand 1.5 m (5 ft)à tall. Radiocarbon dates have placed this structure securely between 4400 and 3900 BC. A workshop of craft activities (flint-working, basalt grinding, mollusc shell inlay) has been identified at Tell Brak, as has a large building which contained mass-produced bowls and a unique obsidian and white marble chalice held together with bitumen. A large collection of stamp seals and so-called sling bullets were also recovered here. A feasting hall at Tell Brak contains several very large ââ¬â¹hearths and a quantity of mass-produced plates. Tell Braks Suburbs Surrounding the tell is an extensive zone of settlements covering an area of about 300 hectares, with evidence of use between the Ubaid period of Mesopotamia through the Islamic periods of the mid-first millennium AD. Tell Brak is connected by ceramic and architectural similarities to other sites in Northern Mesopotamia such as Tepe Gawra and Hamoukar. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Mesopotamia , and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Charles M, Pessin H, and Hald MM. 2010. Tolerating change at Late Chalcolithic Tell Brak: responses of an early urban society to an uncertain climate. Environmental Archaeology 15:183-198. Oates, Joan, Augusta McMahon, Philip Karsgaard, Salam Al Quntar and Jason Ur. 2007. Early Mesopotamian urbanism: A new view from the north. Antiquity 81:585-600. Lawler, Andrew. 2006. North Versus South, Mesopotamian Style. Science 312(5779):1458-1463 Also, see the Tell Brak home page at Cambridge for more information.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Pressure Groups Being Good for Democracy Essay - 631 Words
Pressure Groups Being Good for Democracy Pressure groups are organisations whose members share common interests and seek to influence governments. They can be classified in several different ways but the most important distinction is between insider and outsider groups. They are organisations that want to change policy but do not want to become the government. They focus on particular issues or areas of concern and can become involved in policy making by organising campaigns, sending letters, organising demonstrations and signing petitions. People join pressure groups to show their support for a particular issue and to join with other like-minded people in trying to influence our politicians. Someâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Another positive effect is the groups allow for increased participation in politics by people who might otherwise be inactive on the political scene. Many people only get involved in politics at election time and a growing number of people are not even doing that. Ways of getting people involved mo re can include protests such as the ââ¬Å"Brent Spar incidentâ⬠where Greenpeace protested at the oil company Shellââ¬â¢s proposition to sink its disused oil platform Brent Spar in the sea instead of towing it away and dismantling it on land. Another method could be to allow people to sign a petition expressing their feelings on a certain issue. An example could be the petition asking ââ¬Å"should smoking be banned from public placesâ⬠in an attempt to show the government what the peopleââ¬â¢s opinions are on the topic and whether there should be a change or not. Pressure groups defend the interests of minorities in the community, particularly those which donââ¬â¢t gain a powerful outlet via political parties. This is done by forming a small group of people with the same strong views on a topic to show the government another point of view. By going to the trouble of forming a group this shows the government that this group wants their opinions to be heard and discussed. Pressure groups also helpShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Are Pressure Groups Good for Democracy1118 Words à |à 5 PagesPressure groups are formal (Insider) and informal (Outsider) associations whose goals are to further the interests of a specific section of the society to promote a particular cause by influencing the decisions of the government. An insider group is a pressure group which is very involved in the decision making of policies e.g. Cancer Research UK. An outsider group is a pressure who is not associated with decision making as they like to assert their independence and lack political clout e.g. GreenpeaceRead MoreFrench Government: An Oligarchy Rather Than a Polyarchy Essay1188 Words à |à 5 Pagesactuality not. I plan to demonstrate it is more of an oligarchy than a polyarchy, polyarchy being fundamentally necessary for democracy. Drawing on research from conflict theorists I plan to show that France is not truly democratic. I plan to first draw a parallel betwe en research on France as a pluralist state and Robert Dahls New Haven study by showing that France like New Haven appears to be a pluralist democracy. I then plan to show just as G. William Domhoff did with Dahls original study, that theRead MorePeer Pressure1013 Words à |à 5 PagesPeer pressure From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Peer pressure is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages others to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform the group norms. Social groups affected include membership groups, in which individuals are formally members (such as political parties and trade unions), or social cliques in which membership is not clearly defined. A person affected by peer pressure may or may not want to belong to theseRead MoreAustralias System of Democracy857 Words à |à 3 PagesIn reference to the Australiaââ¬â¢s system of democracy, the pluralist theory of the state portrays the distribution of political power accurately in comparison to its rival theories, being Marxism and elitism. However, the theory faces certain limitations within the Australian political system. In order to thoroughly answer the question I will firstly start off by stating what the theory of pluralism entails by discussing the pluralist views of power. Secondly, I will highlight the characteristicsRead MoreThe Formation Of Social Policy1658 Words à |à 7 Pages The Formation of Social Policy In this essay, I will be discussing how Conservatism and Socialism ideologies shape social policy in the UK. I will also be arguing that despite the United Kingdom being a democratic society, it is falling below democratic standards. At present, social media is one of the most powerful tools in shaping peopleââ¬â¢s perceptions on political ideologies, and therefore will be evaluating the extent it plays on policies asRead MoreDecreasing Teen Pregnancy Essay example928 Words à |à 4 PagesDecreasing Teen Pregnancy Decreasing teen pregnancy has been a constant battle for the United States in the past few years. America has the highest teen pregnancy rate in the western part of the world despite not being the leader in sexually active teenagers. The main problem is that here in the United States we do not educate our children enough on having safe sex. Our children end up learning on their own and eventually end up having a child from the lack of knowledge they have. They alsoRead MoreTo What Extent Does Democracy in the Uk Suffer from a Participation Crisis?1234 Words à |à 5 PagesPolitics Essay To what extent does democracy in the UK suffer from a participation crisis? (25 marks) There are a lot of ways in which citizens can participate in politics in the UK without necessarily having to vote for example: joining a political party, boycotting, and even signing petitions and fund raising. However, there is an argument that there has been a participation crisis over the past years in the UK. A participation crisis is when less and less citizens take part in politicalRead MoreBest Route for Economic Development for Poor Countries1724 Words à |à 7 PagesWhether liberal democracy, illiberal democracy or authoritarian rule is the best route to economic development for low income countries Introduction Democracy and economic development are two concepts that were not related initially, however, with the rise of democracies and the subsequent economic development there is an established correlation between the two concepts. The question that this paper will seek to address is ââ¬Å"which is the best regime for economic developmentâ⬠. In responding tothisRead More Authoritarianism: Until the Resources Dry Out Essay1146 Words à |à 5 Pages History has known far more authoritarian regimes than any other form of government. Authoritarianism is a form of non-democratic rule defined by state power being centralized in a single person or a small group of people. Unlike democracies, these individuals in power are not dependent on the people for power. Thus, under authoritarianism, state leaders have little accountability to the public and there is little individual freedom. Additionally, authoritarian regimes are not bound by a constitutionRead MoreRole Of A Advocate Role Public I nterest Groups And Social Workers1496 Words à |à 6 PagesSocial Work AHSS 1190 Dennis Long November 9th, 2014 One of the primary objectives in a representative democracy is to cater to the publics need by understanding the issues of concern and constructive criticisms. In order for needs to be met or negotiated, groups of like-minded individuals form in hopes to influence the governmentââ¬â¢s direction by voicing their opinions. Public interest groups take on this role to enforce change that they believe serves the publicââ¬â¢s interest (Mintz, 2013). Influencing
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt
Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Essay The Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a killer. What we know is that it wastes no time. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease will kill a person within one year of contraction. It is yet unknown how Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease chooses its victims, but it does seem to have accomplices, known as the spongiform encephalopathies, in the rest of the animal kingdom. It is possible that it may be known what means Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease uses in order to annihilate its victims, but the theory surrounding that is still controversial. By examining the facts and observing the evidence we shall one day uncover the truth behind this malicious killer. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease that leads to the loss of coordination, dementia and death. Death usually occurs within a year of the onset of symptoms. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a human disease and can be dormant for as long as thirty years. The average age of onset is sixty years, but there are recorded instances of onset as easily as sixteen years and as old as 80 years. It is estimated that, world-wide, between 0.5 and 1 case per million population occurs annually. Increased incidence in some regions of the world has been attributed to the possibility of a genetic predisposition. In the United States the incidence has been reported as being 0.9 deaths per million population attributable to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. This is an inexact figure however, due to the fact that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is not a reportable disease in the United States (Holman) and the Center for Disease Con trol does not actively monitor the disease (Altman). To track the disease the Center for Disease Control has initiated a four-state study of death certificates (Altman), but since death certificates are not always accurate Davanpour) the survey may not provide an accurate assessment. This leaves the true prevalence in the United States and other countries remaining a mystery. Compounding the uncertainty, autopsies are rarely performed on atypical dementia patients (Harrison) because medical professionals fear infection (Altman). The officially reported rate of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease incidence is less than one case per million people per year (World). An informal survey of neuropathologists, however, registered a theoretical range of 2 21% of all dementia as actually Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Harrison) and hundreds of thousands of Americans suffer from severe dementia every year (Brayne; United). Two other studies average about a 3% Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease rate among dementia patients (Mahendra; Wade). A preliminary 1989 University of Pennsylvania study showed that 5% of patients diagnosed with dementia were actually dying from Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Boller). It would seem that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is seriously underdiagnosed. The most common misdiagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is Alzheimers disease (Harrison). Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was even described as ?Alzheimers in fast forward (Wlalzek).? The symptoms and pathology of both diseases overlap. There can be spongy changes in the brain (a classic effect of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) in Alzheimers disease, for example, and senile plaques deposited on the brain (a classic effect of Alzheimers disease) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Brown). The causes may overlap as well; epidemiological evidence suggests that people eating meat more than four times a week for a prolonged period have a three times higher chance of suffering dementia than long-time vegetarians (Giem), although this result m ay be confounded by vascular factors (Van Duijn). Paul Brown, medical director for the U.S. Public Health Service (Gruzen), said that the brains of the young people who died from the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Britain even look like the brains of Alzheimers patients (Hager). Stanley Prusiner, the scientist who coined the term prion, speculates that Alzheimers may in fact turn out to be a prion disease as well (Prusiner). In younger victims the disease could look like multiple sclerosis or a severe viral infection, according to Alzheimers expert Gareth Roberts (Brain). Twenty percent or more of people clinically diagnosed with Alzheimers disease are found at autopsy to not have had Alzheimers at all (McKhann). At Yale, out of 46 patients clinically diagnosed with Alzheimers, 6 were proven to have actually had Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease at autopsy (Manuelidis). In another post-mortem study 3 out of 12 Alzheimer patients actually died from a spongiform encephalopathy which is the class of diseases that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease belongs to (Teixeira). These spongiform encephalopathies appear to be diseases that enter the brain and cause holes to appear which can then alter an animals functioning and abilities. Eventually death occurs and the brains of these animals strongly resemble sponges. Assess the Impact of Genetically Modified Foods EssayScrapie was the first example of spongiform encephalopathy to be noticed and has been known about for many hundreds of years. The two most likely methods of transmission of scrapie in sheep are infection of the pasture with placental tissue carrying the agent followed by ingestion making it an acquired infection. It is also believed to be infectious through a genetic disorder, which has led many people to speculate that careful breeding could eliminate the disease, however, to date, this has never been attempted (Chesebro). More well known, in light of current events is Bovine spongiform encephalopathy also known as Mad Cow Disease. An outbreak of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy occurred in Britain in the late 1980s and is believed to have been brought on by a food supplement given to cows in the United Kingdom that included meat and bone meal from dead sheep (Hager). The transmissibility across species between sheep and cows ha s led many people to fear that ingesting the beef from infected cows could lead to an outbreak of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease among humans. There have been no cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease reported that can be concretely linked to the ingestion of infected beef. However, on March 20, 1996 the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) of Great Britain announced that 10 cases of a previously unrecognized form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease had been identified and may be linked to the Bovine spongiform encephalopathy epizootic in Great Britain, where more than 155,000 cattle were affected from 1986 through 1995. SEAC expressed ?great concern? about the identification of these cases; it is possible that they might represent the beginning of an outbreak of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans that would parallel the course of the epizootic of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle in the United Kingdom, but with a delay of 5 to 10 years. In addition, if new vari ant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is associated with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, there is the possibility that cattle-to-human transmission of disease has occurred in other countries where Bovine spongiform encephalopathy exists (CDC). The committee emphasized that current evidence is insufficient to establish a direct link between Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; however, such an association offers the most likely explanation for the occurrence of this cluster of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease cases. The major evidence for the existence of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is the recognition of a new neuropathologic profile and the unusually young ages of the United Kingdom patients. In addition, the clinical course of the disease was atypical of classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. All ten cases
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